...Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book "Uncle Tom’s Cabin," subtitled "Life Among the Lowly," was first published.

1854 - The Republican Party was organized in Ripon, WI. About 50 slavery opponents began the new political group.

1865 - Union troops continued to arrive at Bentonville, North Carolina, to give Union General William T. Sherman a nearly three to one advantage over the Confederate army led by General Joseph Johnston.

1886 - The first AC power plant in the U.S. began commercial operation.

1896 - U.S. Marines landed in Nicaragua to protect U.S. citizens in the wake of a revolution.

1908 - In New York, Beethoven's Fidelio opened at the Metropolitan Opera.

1943 - The Allies attacked Field Marshall Erwin Rommel's forces on the Mareth Line in North Africa.

1976 - Patricia Hearst was convicted of armed robbery for her role in the hold up of a San Francisco Bank.

1980 - The U.S. made an appeal to the International Court concerning the American Hostages in Iran.

1985 - For the first time in its 99-year history, Avon representatives received a salary. Up to that time they had been paid solely on commissions.

1989 - It was announced that Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose was under investigation.

1990 - The Los Angeles Lakers retired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's #33.

1996 - In Los Angeles, Erik and Lyle Menendez were found guilty of first-degree murder in the killing of their parents.

1997 - Liggett Group, the maker of Chesterfield cigarettes, settled 22 state lawsuits by admitting the industry marketed cigarettes to teenagers and agreed to warn on every pack that smoking is addictive.

2002 - Arthur Andersen pled innocent to charges that it had shredded documents and deleted computer files related to the energy company Enron.

2003 - U.S. and British forces invaded Iraq from Kuwait.

2019 - Disney acquired the rights to 21st Century Fox. Fox Corporation was formed with the remaining assets.